There is a difference between curing underwater and adhering when wet.
I’d start by trying to stop the leak. A “small” bit of wax maybe, but as noted, try not to contaminate other areas as much as possible.
If you stop the leak, try to dry everything, sand it rough around the perimeter and try to paint everything with some 5 minute epoxy. I’d go right over the wax and encapsulate. Then I’d try to encapsulate the leak, with cloth if I had it, if not, then some more epoxy maybe thickened just enough to fair with, keep in mind unthickened is stronger but doesn’t stay put. Even just epoxy, if bonded, will likely be enough. You can get all the supplies you need at Kings Market.
It sounds complicated, really isn’t. Just need to stop that leak. Then enjoy the rest of your trip, and keep a watch for any other weak points the keel decides to exploit.
Then fix the stern tube off season.
Trivia: I always keep individual packets of double bubble 5 minute epoxy on board. For thickening, not everything will work. One item most people have onboard is bread flour, which happens to be epoxy compatible and actually sands nicer than many fillers. The combo makes for convenient repairs on lots of things.