We share your concern about the potential for trapping water between the hull and the insulation and as with any coating the key is in the prep and application so our approach will be to pay very close attention to the installation of the self adhesive EBDM insulation. No different than paint or foam or any other coating applied directly to AL or steel the key is to have really clean surfaces and no voids. Based on the experiences of others using EPDM for insulation on AL boats, and the manufacturers recommendations, the sequencing is to first apply the EPDM to all the ribs, stringers and other AL components which support the AL surfaces and then to butt the EPDM for the larger surfaces up against this, cutting them slightly oversize so they exert a bit of pressure against the EPDM they are butting up against. All seams are sealed with either a sealant, special tape or a sealing strip applied over the seams. Done properly and carefully this seems to prevent any moisture from being able to get between the AL and the EPDM.
It is also important to not have any fasteners or other things which can act as thermal transfers from the exterior to interior so in places where we will need a way to fasten interior panels we will glue small rectangular plastic blocks directly to the AL plate and the EPDM insulation will be cut around these.
Hope this makes sense and provides some answer to your very astute question. If you do some searches on "EPDM boat insulation" or similar you will find lots of examples and explanations of this in much more detail and with lots of pictures and video. ArmaFlex, ArmaCell and AeroFoam are some of the larger manufacturers of EPDM insulation so you can check on their sites for installation guidelines and examples as well.