So I'm guessing that we don't know if he had the appropriate amount of scope in his anchoring system or if he kept an anchor watch??
Well, he obviously didn't keep an anchor watch, although he had started out pretty close to the reef so it wouldn't hava taken much time for the boat to hit it once it started to move.
The amount of scope and how well he'd set the anchor in the first place are all unknowns. However, given the Bruce/claw type anchor's known low holding power (demonstrated in about three zillion anchor tests), it was certainly one strike against him even if we dont know what the other two strikes were.
The Bruce's low holding is a well-known characteristic. When we bought our boat in 1998 and decided to put a Bruce on it to replace the old, no-name, bent Danforth that the boat had had in the SFO bay area, the anchor guy at the commercial fishing supply company from which we bought the anchor told us that the Bruce set great in all kinds of bottoms but had relatively low holding power. But we figured that in our protected waters this low holding power would rarely if ever be put to the test.
Well, we did put it to the test several times, as did other boating aquaintences, and it dragged more often than not. Finally, after a particularly harrowing experience in which we came close to losing the boat, we said enough's enough and took it off the boat.
I will say, however, that a Bruce is absolutely fabulous at propping open a door, which ours did for years in our garage. Never budged an inch no matter how hard the wind blew. Finally the other year when we didn't need it for this purpose anymore I torched it in half and sent it to the landfill.
Based on our and other people we know's experience, we would never select a Bruce to use where there was a possibility of having a significant strain put on it because I'm convinced its design encourages it to drag. I know there are a lot of people who have good luck with the anchor, and perhaps in big sizes-- 100 pounds or more-- it does an okay job. But we can't put a 100 pound anchor on our boat so its performance when it's real heavy is irrelevant to us.
Given that there are a number of anchor-types on the market with proven superior performance to the Bruce/claw, from the Fortress to the rollbar anchors, were we in the market for an anchor today we would see no reason to even consider a claw-type anchor. In the smaller sizes, at least, they are a risky bet at best in our opinions.
One couple we boat with who have an oversized Bruce for the weight and windage of their boat have had enough problems with it that the wife now refuses to anchor anymore until they replace the Bruce with something more reliable.
Ours was a genuine Bruce. I have no idea if the knock-offs and imitators offer any better performance, but given that they have the same design, I expect not.